READING MAKING REFENCE WORD, INFERENCE WORD AND FINDING THE PATTERN OF ORGANIZATION

READING

MAKING REFENCE WORD, INFERENCE WORD AND

FINDING THE PATTERN OF ORGANIZATION

ASSIGNMENT I : REFERENCE WORD AND MAKING INFERENCE

I.         Making reference from short story

a.       In modern society, work is decisive force in people’s lives. It shapes people identity, places them in the stratification system by influencing their social and economic position and effect

Their physical and emotional well being. People’s jobs determine the condition under which they spend many of their working hours and influence the quality of their lives. Although the term work is popularity used to donate the exertion of effort toward some goal, in an economic sense, work refers to activities oriented to producing goods and services for one’s own use to get payment in return. Unpaid work includes that done at home.

Question and answer

1.      The pronoun “it” in line 1 refers to work

2.      The word “them” in line 1 refers to people identity

3.      The word “their” in line 2 refers to people identity

4.      The word “their” in line 3 refers to people identity

5.      The word “they” in line 3 refers to people identity

6.      The word “their” in line 4 refers to people jobs

7.      The word “their” in line 4 refers to people jobs

b.      For some student, getting a job while they are still in high School is not an opinion. Working seems to be a necessity for them, as they might not get any help from their parent to pay for tuition or for living expenses. There force, they may not have any other choices to accept a part – time job. However, working is not the only option if there are some better alternatives to help them.

Question and answer

1.      The word “they” line 1 refers to students

2.      The word “them” line 2 refers to students

3.      The word “they” line 2 refers to students

4.      The word “their” line 2 refers to students

5.      The word “they” line 3 refers to students

6.      The word “them” line 4 refers to students

II.       Making inference from conversation.

a.       Yosep      : hi, diyah, where have you been? 

Diyah       : I’ ve been from the library

Yosep      : do you borrow some books?

Diyah       : no actually I found the books that I’I like to borrow. But they are in a terrible condition.

  You know, the cover is torn and the other copy has lost its binding

Yosep      : well, it must be the irresponsible borers who should be blamed.

Diyah       : anyway, I’ve to go back to the class

Yosep      : okay, see you later

Diyah       : after while.

Question and answer

1.         Where are these people? In the school.

2.         Who are they  ? a student

3.         Where is Diyah come from ?she come from the library.

4.        What are these people talking about ?These people are talking about terrible condition of the library’s book.

b.      Dwi          : look at this channel, one more celebrity is caught using drugs.

Nur          : I can’t believe it, I never thought he could do that.He’s such an intelligent person.

Dwi          : being intelligent doesn’t guarantee that he will never use drugs, right ?

Nur                       : I wonder why he uses drugs. People usually use drugs to get away from their problem and sadness, but I think he has a happy life. Will you take a glass of coffe at the kitchen, my lovely brothers ?

Adib         : no matter, after I take my phone at bedroom.

Question and answer

1.        What are these people  talking about? these people are talking about and more celebrity is caught using drugs.

2.         Which word help you guess the place of this conversation ?at bedroom, at kitchen.

3.         Where these conversation take place? At house

ASSIGMENT II : FINDING PATTERN OF ORGANIZATION

I.         LISTTING PATTERN

A.    A story involving animals as its character is called a fable is a narrative text. Narrative text function to entertain the readers or listeners. They also function to instruct to entertain the reader in that they teach them that problems should be confronted and attempts made to resolve them, the Organized narrative texts are, first, introduce the main character (s) in a setting of time and place, and alert the listener .second, tell the sequence of event become a problem. Third, tell the situation when the problem are resolved. Finally, you can tell explicity how the character is has changed and what has been learned from the experience, but it is animal.

Topic               : narrative text

Main idea        : A story involving animal as its characters is called fable.

Signal word                             Detail

-          Also                                   - to instruct the reader / listener

-          First                                   - introduce the main character

-          Second                              - tell the sequence of event

-          Third                                 - tell situation when problem are resolved.

-          Finally                               - tell explicity how the character is has

changed and what has been learned.

B.                I think the Canterbury council should construct more activycentres in most local areas, firs children can keep busy as well as have fun in the certain things. Finally, it might stop children vandalizing properties that don’t belong to them because they can go to the activity centres.Another reason is children can encourage others to attend the local activity centre. This way children will not get so bored because they can have lost of fun.

Topic               : Canterbury council

Main idea        : I think the Canterbury council should construct more activity centres in most local areas.

Signal word                             Detail

-          First                                   - children can keep busy

-          Second                              - learn a lot

-          Finally                               - might stop children vandalizing properties

-          Another                             - can encourage others

II. TIME ORDER PATTERN

a.       Almonstrowger, an American engineer , constructed the first automatic telephone switching system which had a horizontal blade like contact arm in 1891, The first actual installed in Mil waukee in 1896. In 1912, their sound transmittal apparatus adapted an electronic tube to function as an amplifier. Transatlantic radio-telephone service linked New York and London in 1927. However, the long distance coaxial cable, which was hailed as unprecendented, came on the scene in 1936 connecting New York and Philadelphia. Crossbar switching, installed in terminal in 1938, operated on the principal of an electromagnetic force, which rotated horizontal and vertical bars within a rectangular frame and brought contacts together in a split second. An extension was connected to japan in 1964.

Topic         : history of the telephone

Main idea  : almonstrowger , an American engineer, constructed the first automatic telephone switching system which had a horizontal, bladelike contact arm in 1891

Signal World                           Details

- in 1891                                  -first automatic telephone switching system

                        - in 1907                                  -actual dial telephones patented.

                        - in 1896                                  -installed in milwaukee

                        - in 1912                                  -sound transmittal apparatus adapted

-in 1927                                   - transatlantic radio-telephone linked New York and

                                                London

- in 1936                                  -long distance coaxial cable connecting New York

and Philadelphia

- in 1938                                  -crossbar switching installed

- in 1964                                  -extension connected t japan.

b.       Before 1999 flying in Indonesian was expensive for many people. Buses, ships, and trains were probably the alternatives to travel. People would probably take long journey on buses or ships or both. In 1999 the first Indonesian’s low –cost airline was established. The low – cost (or no low – cost budget) airline had begun in early 1990’s in the USA. The term made budget airlines have begun flying in Indonesia.

Topic : low – cost airlines

Main idea : before 1999 flying in Indonesia was too expensive for many people.

Signal World                           Details.

- before 1999                           - Flying in Indonesia a was too expensive

- in 1999                                  - first Indonesia’s low – cost airlines was

                                                            established.

- in early 1990’s                       - low – cost airlines had begun in the USA

- since 1999                             - several mode budget airlines have begun

flying in Indonesia.

III. COMPARISON PATTERN

a.       Working and going to school is challenging, it can be a rewarding experience if you use some foresight. However, you’d better think a hundred times before you decide to  take a part time job. There are a lot of things that should be factored in on the decision to take a part time job.

On the other hand, working and skill maintaining a good grade at school is not an easy task. Having less time for schoolwork become the main negative effect. Consequently , many students who work part time fail to perform at them both on school work and on examination however a part time job can really interfare with the student’s free time. it also cuts into their studied and or social life.

On the other hand, a part time job help student to support day to day living expenses students can drive a great deal form working. Considerably more than just money. Ideally, a student should fry to find a job that is related in some way to his/her selected field of study , but even not, a student can still gain some work experience and develop skills

Working takes a lot of time and energy, so student need to make sure to be able to handle booth employment and their current commitments.

Topic               : student take part time job

Main idea        : working and going to school is challenging

DIFFERENCES

- However                   : think a hundred times before decide to take part time job

- on the other hand      : working and skill maintining a good grade isn’t an easy task.

- However                   : part time job can derive  a great deal form working.

- On the other hand     : a part time job helps students support day to day living expenses

- more than                  : students can derive a great deal form working

- but                             : student can still gain some  work experience and develop skills

likenesses

 Both                           : student who work part time fail to perform at their best

- also                            : cuts their studies and / or social life

- booth                         : student need to make sure to be able to handle that

b. smoking is a bad habit that is very hard to break. Smoker and every where many people smoke just to socialize, but many others are too addicted to quit. A cigarette is like a toxin hypermarket. You can find many kind of toxin in it : acetone, carbon monoxide, tar, arsenic, ammonia hydrogen cyanide and toluene. The tar it self contains more than 43 substances that can cause cancer. Scientist say that when we are smoking, we put more than 4000kinds of toxic materials into our body.However, many smokers be live that a cigarette with low tar is less dangerous. And so is a filtered cigarette. But the problem is one cigarette is never enough for addicted smokers.

Topic               : cigarettes, smoker and smoking

Main idea        : smoking is a bad habit that is very hard to break.

Signal world                `                                   Details

-but                                                                  -cause people smoke

-more than                                                       -tar’s contains

-more than                                                       -toxic we put contain in low far

-however                                                         -substances contain in low far

-but                                                                  -problem by cigarette

IV.  CAUSE/EFFECT PATTERN

a.       Cocaine is a powerfully addictive drug that is snorted, sniffed injected or smoked and directly affects the brain. Cocaine usually makes the user feel euphoric and energetic. Common health effect include heart attacks, respiratoryfailure, and strokes in some causes sudden death can occur on the first use of cocaine or unexpectedly thereafter different means of taking cocaine can produce different adverse effects for it. Regularly snorting cocaine, for example, can leads to loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, problem with swallowing, hoarseness, and a chronically runny nose.

Topic               : cocaine

Main idea        : cocaine is a powerfully  addictive drug  that is snorted, sniffed, injected

or smoked and directly affects the brain.

Cause                          Signal Word                Effects

Cocaine                       - Makes                       - feel  euphoric and energetic

-  Effects                      - include heart attacks, respiratory failure &

                                          strokes

-  Effects                      - different means of taking cocaine

- Leads to                     - loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, problem

with swallowing, hoarseness, and achronically runny nose.

b.      Flood is a great quantity of water covers dry land most floods so harmful. They may makes destroy the homes and other properties and barren when people are not prepared violent floods can effect many losses. Therefore, preventing that, reforestation must be done in barren are to results it.

Topic : flood

Main idea : flood is a great quantity of water covers dry land

Cause                           Signal Word                Effects

Flood                           -    so                           - harmful 

-          Makes                   - destroy the homes and other properties

-          Can make              - the road muddy and barren

-          Can effect             - many losses

-          Result in                - reforestation must be done.